YOU ARE NOW CONNECTED TO THE TOXLINE (1981 FORWARD, NON-ROYALTY) FILE. ==PAPILLOMAVIRUS, HUMAN - MALE== 5 AUTHOR Jennings LC AUTHOR Ross AD AUTHOR Faoagali JL TITLE The Prevalence of Warts on the Hands of Workers in a New Zealand Slaughterhouse SOURCE New Zealand Medical Journal, Vol. 97, No. 760, pages 473-476, 18 references, 1984 ABSTRACT An investigation was conducted of the prevalence of warts on the hands of slaughterhouse workers. The cohort consisted of 99 males, mean age 40.6 years, employed at a slaughterhouse in Christchurch, New Zealand. The comparisons consisted of 54 male textile workers, mean age 37.5 years. The subjects completed a questionnaire to obtain information on the point prevalence of hand warts, the past history of hand wart occurrences and wart removals, the point prevalence of warts in family members, time taken off from work for wart removal, and contact with animals outside the workplace. The point prevalence of hand warts in the slaughterhouse workers and comparisons was 23 and 17 percent, respectively. The past prevalence rates of hand warts of subjects who slaughtered cattle and pigs were significantly higher than the other slaughterhouse workers and the comparisons; 72, 60, 27, and 22 percent, respectively. The number of beef and pig slaughterers who had warts removed during their period of employment was significantly higher than the other slaughterhouse workers or comparisons. The point prevalence of warts in the subjects' families was similar for all groups. Only three slaughterhouse workers in the beef department took time off from work, 19 days, to have warts removed. The prevalence rates of hand warts and the comparisons who had contact with animals outside the workplace were significantly lower than those without contact. The authors suggest that conditions in the work environment of males involved in slaughtering cattle and pigs increase their susceptibility to papillomavirus infection. 1 AUTHOR Rockley PF AUTHOR Tyring SK TITLE Interferons alpha, beta and gamma therapy of anogenital human papillomavirus infections. SOURCE Pharmacol Ther; VOL 65, ISS 2, 1995, P265-87 (REF: 98) ABSTRACT Anogenital condyloma acuminatum (genital warts) is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted viral disease in the United States. At least 14 of the more than 60 types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are responsible for condyloma acuminatum. Anogenital condyloma acuminatum has a broad spectrum of manifestations in men and women, including subclinical latent infection, clinically apparent warts, abnormal genital cytology and squamous carcinoma. Traditional therapeutic modalities include cytolytic chemical agents and ablative techniques. These anti-wart methods are used in an attempt to eliminate clinically apparent disease. However, they are associated with high rates of recurrence because they do not eradicate the subclinical or latent reservoir of HPV remaining in adjacent epithelial cells and mucous membranes. Immunologic therapy with interferons (IFNs) represents a promising new antiviral modality that can be directed against all sites of infection, including clinical, subclinical and latent disease. IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma are the three major groups of IFNs. These three groups of IFNs have been used successfully as monotherapy or in combination with traditional modalities to treat anogenital condyloma acuminatum. This review focuses on IFN-alpha, IFN-beta and IFN-gamma therapy of anogenital HPV infections. 5 AUTHOR Campion MJ TITLE Clinical manifestations and natural history of genital human papillomavirus infection. SOURCE Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am; VOL 14, ISS 2, 1987, P363-88 (REF: 108) ABSTRACT Over the past decade, the ever-increasing volume of evidence implicating HPV types in genital neoplasia has stimulated much research interest into all aspects of the biology of this interesting group of viruses. This has led to the identification of an ever-increasing heterogeneity of HPV types. It is not surprising, therefore, that the clinical profile of disease associated with genital HPV types is much broader than previously recognized. Knowledge of this clinical spectrum is mandatory to the understanding of the possible role of specific HPV types in human carcinogenesis. 3 AUTHOR Cuzick J TITLE Human papillomavirus infection of the prostate. SOURCE Cancer Surv; VOL 23, 1995, P91-5 (REF: 15) ABSTRACT Seven studies that have reported on the prevalence of anogenital types of the human papillomavirus in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy and normal prostatic tissue are reviewed. When the data were combined, 32% of the cancers were positive, compared to 49% of the benign lesions and 9% of the normal tissue. The highest positivity rates were found in the earlier studies, and the more recent results have been more negative. The finding of higher rates in benign compared to malignant tissue and the failure of confirmatory studies to support earlier reports make it unlikely that the common anogenital papillomaviruses have an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. More work is needed to decide if the prostate is a significant reservoir for the papillomavirus in the male. 5 AUTHOR Klingelhutz AJ AUTHOR Barber SA AUTHOR Smith PP AUTHOR Dyer K AUTHOR McDougall JK TITLE Restoration of telomeres in human papillomavirus-immortalized human anogenital epithelial cells. SOURCE Mol Cell Biol; VOL 14, ISS 2, 1994, P961-9 ABSTRACT Loss of telomeres has been hypothesized to be important in cellular senescence and may play a role in carcinogenesis. In this study, we have measured telomere length in association with the immortalization and transformation of human cervical and foreskin epithelial cells by the human papillomavirus type 16 or 18 E6 and E7 open reading frames. By using a telomeric TTAGGG repeat probe, it was shown that the telomeres of precrisis normal and E6-, E7-, and E6/E7-expressing cells gradually shortened with passaging (30 to 100 bp per population doubling). Cells that expressed both E6 and E7 went through a crisis period and gave rise to immortalized lines. In contrast to precrisis cells, E6/E7-immortalized cells generally showed an increase in telomere length as they were passaged in culture, with some later passage lines having telomeres that were similar to or longer than the earliest-passage precrisis cells examined. No consistent association could be made between telomere length and tumorigenicity of cells in nude mice. However, of the three cell lines that grew in vivo, two had long telomeres, thus arguing against the hypothesis that cancer cells favor shortened telomeres. Our results indicate that arrest of telomere shortening may be important in human papillomavirus-associated immortalization and that restoration of telomere length may be advantageous to cells with regard to their ability to proliferate. 7 AUTHOR Trofatter KF Jr TITLE Interferon treatment of anogenital human papillomavirus-related diseases. SOURCE Dermatol Clin; VOL 9, ISS 2, 1991, P343-52 (REF: 58) ABSTRACT Because of their antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory properties, IFNs are potentially well suited for use in the management of benign HPV-related anogenital diseases. Parenteral and intralesional therapy of condylomata with various natural and recombinant IFN preparations has consistently resulted in beneficial response rates ranging between 40% and 60%, often in patients in whom other therapeutic measures have repeatedly failed. Adverse effects from IFN are dose dependent and generally tolerable at concentrations of IFN found to be effective in the treatment of condylomata, and they are not associated with any known long-term sequelae. When combined with conventional medical and surgical treatment modalities, IFN offers real promise for the control of both extensive primary and recalcitrant HPV-related conditions. 10 AUTHOR Ferenczy A TITLE Laser treatment of genital human papillomavirus infections in the male patient. SOURCE Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am; VOL 18, ISS 3, 1991, P525-35 (REF: 31) ABSTRACT Thorough examination of the lower anogenital epithelium of promiscuous men and their partners (either male or female) may be useful to diagnose and, if appropriate, treat those who are likely to perpetuate the HPV epidemics and increase the potential risk for cervical carcinogenesis. CO2 laser ablation is a highly attractive means to treat HPV-related disease of the anogenital epithelium in men. The Nd:YAG laser also has some specific applications in the treatment of large, relatively vascular lesions. A stable sexual relationship or consistent use of condoms in polygamous sexual practices is probably the most meaningful means of controlling the sexual transmission of HPV.