YOU ARE NOW CONNECTED TO THE TOXLINE (1981 FORWARD, NON-ROYALTY) FILE. ==MARGARINE AND DAIRY== 1 AUTHOR Yanagi S AUTHOR Yamashita M AUTHOR Ogoshi K AUTHOR Imai S TITLE Comparative effects of milk, yogurt, butter, and margarine on mammary tumorigenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rats. SOURCE Cancer Detect Prev; VOL 18, ISS 6, 1994, P415-20 ABSTRACT The effects of margarine and butter on mammary tumorigenesis were compared in the first experiment. Altering the levels of dietary margarine and butter influenced the development of mammary tumors induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in rats. Margarine enhanced tumorigenesis dose dependently in both the incidence and the number of mammary tumors. On the other hand, butter that was substituted for margarine did not show any enhancing effects. Inasmuch as butter is made from cow's milk, the effect of cow's milk was studied in the second experiment. It was expected that milk might inhibit mammary tumorigenesis. Contrary to our expectations, however, milk and yogurt did not inhibit but enhanced the DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis. It remains to be elucidated whether the enhancing effect was caused by some specific factors in milk or by the difference in energy or nutrient intakes. 4 AUTHOR ISKANDER FY TITLE Determination of seventeen elements in edible oils and margarine by instrumental neutron activation analysis. SOURCE J AM OIL CHEM SOC; 70 (8). 1993. 803-805. ABSTRACT BIOSIS COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Instrumental neutron activation analysis was used to determine the concentration of As, Ba, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hg, K, Na, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr and Zn in almond, sunflower, peanut, sesame, linseed, soy, corn and olive oils, as well as in three margarine brands. The concentration of As, Ba, Ce, Cs, Eu, Hg, Rb, Se and Sr were below the system detection limit under the experiment conditions. Chromium was detected only in one of the margarine samples (171 mug/g); Sb only in corn oil (18 ng/g) and Sc only in linseed oil (19 ng/g). Cobalt, Fe, K, Na and Zn were detected in all oil and margarine samples investigated. The concentration ranges for Co, Fe, K, Na and Zn in oils were: 0.016-0.053; 4.45-19.1; 5.93-47.2; 2.44-12.9 and 0.48-1.54 mug/g, respectively. For margarine, the concentration ranges for Co, Fe, K, Na and Zn were 0.09-0.012; 4.53-10.6; 58.3-1140; 13.2-9870 and 0.38-0.47 mug/g, respectively. The elemental contents of the analyzed samples are within the ranges reported in the literature for edible oils and fats. 13 AUTHOR YANAGI S AUTHOR TSUDA H AUTHOR SAKAMOTO M AUTHOR FUSE E AUTHOR ITO N TITLE Effects of margarine on hepatocarcinogenesis by N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide in mice. SOURCE ONCOLOGY (BASEL); 41 (2). 1984. 101-105. ABSTRACT HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. The effect of a safflower margarine on hepatocarcinogenesis by N,N'-2,7-fluorenylenebisacetamide was compared with that of safflower oil from which the margarine was made. A high-dextrin diet was used as a control for the 2 high-fat diets. The number of surviving mice in the margarine group at the end of the experiment was significantly lower compared with both the dextrin and the oil groups. A significantly high incidence of hepatic nodules type 2 was observed in the margarine group, whereas most liver tumors in both the dextrin and the safflower oil groups were of HN type 1 (P < 0.05). Hepatocellular carcinomas were induced in some mice in all the groups. No statistical difference was found among the 3 dietary groups. The difference in the types of the hepatic nodules among the 3 groups was not reflected in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. 16 AUTHOR SEN NP AUTHOR SEAMAN S TITLE Possible presence of volatile N-nitrosamines in cooking oils, margarine and butter. SOURCE J AGRIC FOOD CHEM; 29 (4). 1981. 787-789. ABSTRACT HEEP COPYRIGHT: BIOL ABS. Following a report of the occurrence of volatile nitrosamines in various vegetable oils and margarines in Germany, a study was carried out to determine the nitrosamine levels in such products sold in retail outlets in Canada. Thirty-eight samples of various vegetable oils, 10 of butter, 14 of margarine and 6 of lard were analyzed. All the oils and lard were negative. Only 1 butter and 5 margarine samples contained trace levels (0.2-3.8 ppb) of N-nitrosodimethylamine and/or N-nitrosomorpholine. Further investigations at the plant level failed to uncover any definite source of the nitrosamine contamination detected in some of the margarine samples. Recent samples of margarine from these plants were negative or contained insignificant levels of volatile nitrosamines. Nitrosamine levels in these products are negative or negligible and should not be a matter of concern. 1 AUTHOR Galli E AUTHOR Chini L AUTHOR Paone F AUTHOR Moschese V AUTHOR Knafelz D AUTHOR Panel P AUTHOR Emanuele E AUTHOR Palermo D AUTHOR Di Fazio A AUTHOR Rossi P TITLE [Clinical comparison of different replacement milk formulas in children with allergies to cow's milk proteins. 24-month follow-up study] SOURCE Minerva Pediatr; VOL 48, ISS 3, 1996, P71-7 ABSTRACT The elective treatment for allergy to cow's milk protein is the elimination of these proteins from the diet. The present study with a follow-up of over two years took the form of a comparison between different replacement formulas based on soya (group A), hydrolysate of soya and bovine collagen (group B), and hydrolysate of casein (group C), randomly administered to 55 children (30 males and 25 females, aged between 2-48 months) with documented allergy to cow's milk proteins, but with different clinical symptoms. Tests to evaluate the acquisition of clinical tolerance to cow's milk proteins were performed using a day-hospital regime every 6 months. Sensitivity reactions were observed in 22% of cases in group A, 8% in group B and 37.5% in group C. It is worth underlining that 5 of the 6 children with reactions to soya protein then showed an excellent tolerance to hydrolysate of soya when it was administered subsequently until tolerance was achieved. Weight and statutory growth was uniformly good in all three groups. A high percentage of children achieved tolerance after 24 months (72%); the mean time taken to acquire clinical tolerance was 11.6 +/- 4.8 in group A, 11.6 +/- 6.02 in group B, and 14 +/- 5.6 in group C. No correlation was found between the type of initial symptoms, age at onset, method of response to first challenge and the time taken to acquire tolerance. 9 AUTHOR Isolauri E AUTHOR Suomalainen H AUTHOR Kaila M AUTHOR Jalonen T AUTHOR Soppi E AUTHOR Virtanen E AUTHOR Arvilommi H TITLE Local immune response in patients with cow milk allergy: follow-up of patients retaining allergy or becoming tolerant. SOURCE J Pediatr; VOL 120, ISS 1, 1992, P9-15 ABSTRACT To assist in identifying factors that determine the clinical outcome of cow milk allergy, we subjected to rechallenge 37 patients with a history of cow milk allergy, mean (+/- SD) age 27.6 +/- 7.1 months, after a follow-up of 13.5 +/- 5.1 months with a milk-free diet. A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to assess the total number of immunoglobulin-secreting and specific antibody-secreting cells among peripheral blood lymphocytes primed during provocation by milk antigens, giving indirect evidence of local immune response in the gut. Patients with persistent cow milk allergy (n = 13) had milder reactions at rechallenge than they had shown at the time of diagnosis. Numbers of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in these patients increased significantly from a geometric mean (95% confidence interval) in the IgA class of 1570 (1009, 2445) to 2984 (1941, 4583) IgA-secreting cells/10(6) cells, in the IgG class of 1445 (1067, 1959) to 2740 (1698, 4425) IgG-secreting cells/10(6) cells, and in the IgM class of 842 (534, 1325) to 2235 (1429, 3495) IgM-secreting cells/10(6) cells. By contrast, in patients (n = 24) who had acquired cow milk tolerance, the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells did not increase during provocation. The total number of IgA-secreting cells before rechallenge was significantly higher than it had been before the initial challenge. The patients who acquired cow milk tolerance also had specific antibody-secreting cells of IgA isotype before the second challenge. These results indicate that in cow milk allergy the ability to mount a local immune response against cow milk antigens, particularly in the IgA class, is related to the suppression of clinical sensitivity.